Although Indonesia as a country with the largest Islamic religions, Islamic principled new financial products known to a few years ago and is still very limited. Starting from the banking sector, with the establishment of Bank Muamalat in November 1991. Islamic principles are not only limited to the banking context, but also includes various economic activities and investments, including in the capital markets and insurance.
You would never hear the term Islamic banks, or, more broadly based economy sharia. Even perhaps, many of you who already use the services of Islamic financial institutions. Some of you there who think Islamic banks only for the Muslim community. Whether this is so, Islamic banks is intended only for the Muslims alone?
Sorry, you are wrong if think like that.
Bank Syariah actually applies to all persons or Universal. Sharia itself is just a principle or system in accordance with the rules or the teachings of Islam. Anyone can use financial services of Islamic banks.
When the monetary crisis hit Indonesia in mid 1997, the Islamic system has benefited many people. Surely you remember, at that time, interest rates soar to tens of percent. As a result, a lot of businesses who can not afford. But this phenomenon does not apply to businesses that use funds from Islamic banks. Employers are not required to pay interest up to tens of percent, they simply share the results with Islamic banks. Determination of the percentage for the decision made at the beginning of the loan.
Basic Principles
The principle of a deposit or simpananâ € "Al-Wadia € ™ ah
Al-Wadia € ™ ah can be interpreted as a pure deposit of one party to another party, whether individual or legal entity, which must be preserved and restored whenever the Care wills.
Application in banking products, in which the savings bank as receiver to take advantage of this principle which is known in conventional banks with demand deposits. As a consequence, all profits generated from the funds deposited into a bank owned (and vice versa). In return, the depositor gets security guarantees against property, as well as other current account facilities.
In an increasingly competitive banking world, incentives or bonuses may be granted and this became the policy of the bank concerned. This is done in an effort to stimulate the spirit of community in saving as well as indicators of bank health.
Giving bonuses is not prohibited by the note was not required previously, and the amount is not specified in nominal or percentage in advance, but it really is a bank policy.
The principle of profit sharing (profit-sharing)
Al-Mudharabah
Technically, al-mudaraba is a business cooperation contract between two parties, where the first party providing the full (100 percent) in capital, while others become managers. Business profits are divided according to the agreement mudaraba as outlined in the contract, whereas if the loss, borne by capital owners during the loss is not due to negligence on the manager. If the losses due to fraud or negligence caused the manager, the manager should be responsible for the losses.
Mudaraba transaction patterns, typically applied to financial products and financing. On the funding side, al-mudaraba applied to: savings and time deposits. While on the financing side, al-mudaraba, applied for: working capital financing.
By placing funds in principle al-mudaraba, owner of the funds not earning interest like in conventional banks, but the ratio of the profits. In practice, the ratio for savings ranging from 55 â € "56 percent of the investments made by banks. In the case of conventional banks, the figures were roughly equivalent to 11-12 percent.
While the financing side, if a trader needs capital to trade then can apply for financing for a result like al-mudaraba. You do this by first calculating the estimated revenue to be gained by customers from the project. For example, from Rp.30 million capital income obtained Rp 5 million / month. Of these revenues should be set aside in advance to savings payback, call it Rp.2 million. the rest is divided between the bank and the customer with an agreement in advance, for example 60 percent for customers and 40 percent for banks.
Al-Musharaka
In this system there cooperation between two or more parties to a particular business. The parties are working together to contribute capital. Profits or business risks will be shared in accordance with the agreement.
In this system, contained what is commonly referred to in conventional banks as a means of financing. In concrete terms, if you have a business and want to obtain additional capital, you can use this product al-Musharaka. The core of this pattern is, Islamic banks and you jointly contribute capital that is then used to run the business. The portion of Islamic bank will be treated as investments with an agreed profit sharing. In a conventional bank, such financing is similar to working capital loans.
The principle of Al-Murabaha
In this scheme, there was a sale and purchase of goods at the original price with the added advantage that the value agreed upon by both parties. The seller in this case should tell that he bought the product price and determine a level of profit as an extra. Suppose you need a loan to purchase a car. In a conventional bank you will be charged interest and you are required to pay monthly installments for a certain time. In the banking sector, interest rates may change.
In the Islamic banking system, of course, such products are also available. But its not a credit, but use the principle of sale, which is termed the Murabahah. In this regard, Islamic banks will buy the car you want first, then sell it to you. But, because the first Islamic bank bail, so when it sells to you, it costs a little more expensive, as a form of profit for Islamic banks. Because of the advantage of Islamic banks had agreed in front, then the value of mortgage that you pay relatively more permanent.
Of course there are many more Islamic banking principles, which we described above are the basic principles are commonly known in the Islamic banking.
Differences Islamic Bank
At a glance when viewed technically, saving money in Islamic banks with conventional banks present there is almost no difference. This is because, both in Islamic banks and conventional banks are required to follow the technical rules of banking in general. However, when observed more in, there are some fundamental differences between them.
The first difference lies in akadnya. In Islamic banking, all transactions should be based on the contract which is justified by the sharia. Thus, all transactions must follow the rules and regulations that apply on-contract agreement muamalah sharia. In conventional banking, account opening transaction, whether current, savings or time deposit, deposit agreement, but the principle is not deposited in accordance with Islamic rules, for example Wadia € ™ ah, because of demand deposits, savings and time deposits, is paying a fixed rate against the money paid.
The second difference found on the benefits granted. Conventional banks use the concept of cost (cost concept) to calculate profits. That is, the promised interest rate on advances to customers is a cost saver or fees payable by the bank. Therefore, banks should œmenjualâ € â €? other customers (borrowers) with higher interest costs. The difference between them is called spread that indicates whether the company's profit or loss. If the spread is positive, where interest expense is charged to borrowers is higher than the interest given to the depositors, it can be said that the bank make a profit. Opposite is also true.
Meanwhile, Islamic banks use the profit-sharing approach, meaning that the bank received the funds disbursed to the financing. The benefits of financing is divided in two, to banks and to customers, based on profit sharing agreements in advance.
The third difference is the target of credit / financing. The depositors in the conventional banks do not consciously saved money lent to various businesses, regardless of halal-haram business.
While in Islamic banks, and deposits from the public distribution is limited by basic principles, namely principles of sharia means that the granting of loans should not be to such illicit business, gambling, drinks are forbidden, pornography and other businesses that are not in accordance with sharia.
Thus our review this time around perbanak Islamic products. Hopefully this review can increase the knowledge and alternative investment vehicles.

Source: http://blog.keuanganpribadi.com